First, ensuring stability and safety during the scaffolding design phase.
1. Load calculation and structural design of the scaffolding: Clearly define load types: Permanent loads, such as those from construction workers, materials, and equipment, as well as variable loads such as wind loads and seismic loads, must be considered. Accurate calculations should be performed according to standards such as the “Unified Technical Standard for Safety of Construction Scaffolding” (GB 51210).
2. Optimize the structural form of the scaffolding: Select an appropriate scaffolding type (such as double-row ground-supported scaffolding, cantilevered scaffolding, climbing scaffolding, etc.) based on the building height and plan shape, ensuring that parameters such as upright spacing, horizontal bar spacing, and ground-level bracing meet design requirements. For example, the upright spacing for ground-supported scaffolding is typically no more than 1.5 meters, and the step distance is no more than 1.8 meters.
3. Scaffolding Anti-Overturning Design: The scaffolding is connected to the main building structure via wall-attached bracing (such as rigid tie structures). Bracing spacing is set at no more than 4 meters in height and no more than 6 meters in horizontal distance to ensure the scaffolding does not overturn as a whole. Special designs are available for specific scenarios.
Second, Scaffolding Material Quality Control
1. Core Material Standards for Scaffolding
Steel Pipes: Q355B grade high-frequency welded steel pipes are used, with a diameter of 48.3mm±0.5mm and a wall thickness of 3.6mm±0.36mm. Bent, rusted, or cracked steel pipes are strictly prohibited.
Couples: Malleable cast iron or cast steel couplers are used, with a slip resistance ≥8kN and a destructive resistance ≥10kN. Upon arrival on site, the tightening torque (40～65N・m) and appearance quality of the coupler bolts must be checked.
1. Scaffolding Boards: Wooden scaffolding boards must be at least 50mm thick, and steel scaffolding boards at least 2mm thick. Damaged or deformed scaffolding boards are strictly prohibited. Scaffolding boards must be fully laid and securely fixed.
2. Scaffolding Material Inspection and Acceptance: Steel pipes and fasteners will be sampled and inspected for mechanical properties (e.g., tensile strength, bending strength) and appearance quality. Substandard materials are strictly prohibited from use.
Third. Standardized Control of Scaffolding Erection Process
1. Scaffolding Foundation Treatment and Support Structure
Foundation Reinforcement: The foundation for ground-supported scaffolding must be level and compacted. Continuous scaffolding boards or steel plates (at least 5mm thick) must be laid, and drainage measures must be implemented to prevent foundation settlement from causing the scaffolding to tilt.
Cantilever Support: Cantilever beams for cantilevered scaffolding must use I-beams of 16mm or larger. The anchorage length must be at least 1.25 times the cantilever length. They must be fixed to the main building structure using pre-embedded U-bolts with a bolt diameter of at least 16mm.
2. Key Points of Scaffold Structure
Upright and Horizontal Link Connections: Upright verticality deviation ≤ 1/200 of scaffold height; horizontal deviation ≤ 10mm; ground level bar ≤ 200mm from the ground, ensuring the verticality and horizontality of the scaffold.
3. Scaffold Scissor Bracing and Diagonal Bracing Installation
Double-row scaffolding requires continuous scissor bracing on the outer side, with a width of 4-6 spans (≤ 9 meters). The angle between the diagonal brace and the ground should be 45°-60°, and the bottom should be fixed to the foundation or uprights. For scaffolding with a height > 24 meters, a vertical diagonal brace should be installed every 5-7 spans on the inner longitudinal side to enhance the overall integrity of the scaffold.
4. Scaffold Working Layer Protection: Scaffold boards should be fully laid and fixed. A 1.2-meter-high guardrail and a 180mm toe board should be installed on the outer side. A dense safety net (mesh density ≥ 2000 mesh / 100cm²) should be hung below to prevent falls and falling objects. 5. Scaffolding Wall Attachment Construction: Install wall attachments according to the designed spacing, prioritizing rigid steel pipe connections (such as through-wall bolts and clamps). Flexible wire ties are strictly prohibited. When wall attachments are not feasible, alternative measures such as cantilever unloading must be used.
Fourth, Safety Assurance in Scaffolding Use and Management
1. Load Limits and Uniform Distribution: Clearly define scaffolding load standards (e.g., decoration scaffolding ≤2kN/m², structural scaffolding ≤3kN/m²). Overloading of materials or concentrated stacking of heavy objects (such as mixers or steel bar piles) is strictly prohibited. Materials must be evenly distributed to avoid excessive local loads that could deform the scaffolding.
2. Daily Inspection and Maintenance: Regular Inspections: Inspect the scaffolding at least weekly, focusing on issues such as upright settlement (≤10mm), loose fasteners, damaged scaffold boards, and missing wall attachments. Rectify any hazards immediately.
Special Condition Inspection: After strong winds (≥6 levels), heavy rain, or heavy snow, a comprehensive inspection of the scaffolding is required. Snow and water must be removed, and damaged components repaired.
3. Dismantling Operation Specifications: A specific plan must be prepared before dismantling, clearly defining the dismantling sequence (from top to bottom, layer by layer, simultaneous work at different levels is strictly prohibited). A warning zone must be established, and a dedicated person must be assigned to monitor the operation.
Dismantled components must not be thrown. They must be categorized, stacked, and promptly removed to prevent uneven stress on the scaffolding, which could lead to collapse.
Fifth, Safety Protection Facilities for Scaffolding.
Protective canopies (length ≥3 meters, width ≥ scaffold width) must be installed at scaffolding entrances and exits, with double-layered scaffold boards fully laid on top to prevent falling objects. Gaps (>150mm) between the scaffolding and the main building must be sealed with scaffold boards or safety nets to prevent personnel from falling.
Emergency Management: Develop emergency plans for scaffolding collapse, equip with emergency rescue equipment (such as jacks and wire ropes), and conduct regular drills to ensure a rapid response in the event of an accident.
Post time: Jan-05-2026